Electrical transmission and distribution
Cables, wires, transformers, motors. Global grid expansion is the main demand lever — denser grids, more low-voltage branches for decentralized loads.
Second-highest electrical conductivity in the periodic table (behind only silver). Sources: IUPAC, USGS, International Copper Association.
Structural demand in expansion. IEA projects copper consumption will double by 2040 in net-zero scenario.
Average grades at operating copper mines have been declining over recent decades, while demand grows with the energy transition. Large new projects usually take many years from discovery to production.
In this context, accumulated tailings and lower-grade deposits are being evaluated as possible sources of copper. In older tailings, sulfide and oxide copper often coexist, which affects the processing route.
Sulfides, oxides and co-products.
The assessment measures the ratio of sulfide to oxide copper and the presence of co-products such as gold, silver and molybdenum. This defines the route and the concentrate constraints. For projects within areas already in operation, existing permits and infrastructure are also part of the analysis.
See the technologyThe preliminary assessment starts from the information available on the asset and indicates whether to proceed to characterization. No cost, no commitment.
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