Green Mining
Cu · Strategic base metal·← Metals

Copper.
The metal of the energy transition.

The second-highest electrical conductivity, ductile, corrosion-resistant and recyclable. Power grids, electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar plants use growing volumes of copper.

2963.55
Cu
Cuprum · Copper
Properties

Atomic and physical data.

Atomic number29
Atomic mass63.55u
Density8.96g/cm³
Melting point1085°C
Electrical conductivity59.6MS/m
Mohs hardness3.0
Crustal abundance~60ppm
Group11 · d-block

Second-highest electrical conductivity in the periodic table (behind only silver). Sources: IUPAC, USGS, International Copper Association.

Industrial uses

What copper is used for, today — and tomorrow.

Structural demand in expansion. IEA projects copper consumption will double by 2040 in net-zero scenario.

~45% of demand

Electrical transmission and distribution

Cables, wires, transformers, motors. Global grid expansion is the main demand lever — denser grids, more low-voltage branches for decentralized loads.

Rising segment

Electric vehicles

A typical EV uses 60–85 kg of copper vs. 20–25 kg in a combustion car. Batteries, electric motors, wiring harnesses, charging stations. Multiplies the demand curve.

Renewable energy

Solar, wind, storage

Offshore wind turbines use 8–10 tons of copper per MW. Solar plants, 4–5 ton/MW. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) scale consumption by MWh.

Infrastructure

Construction

Plumbing, building electrical wiring, roofing, cladding. Relevant market in urbanizing economies and infrastructure replacement.

Data centers

IT and telecom

Servers, racks, cooling, busbars, 5G networks. Generative AI multiplies data center demand — each hyperscale campus consumes tons of copper in infrastructure.

Chemical-industrial

Alloys and catalysis

Bronze, brass, cupronickel. Fine chemistry catalysts. Antimicrobial applications on hospital surfaces and high-traffic environments.

In mining

Falling grades and rising demand.

Average grades at operating copper mines have been declining over recent decades, while demand grows with the energy transition. Large new projects usually take many years from discovery to production.

In this context, accumulated tailings and lower-grade deposits are being evaluated as possible sources of copper. In older tailings, sulfide and oxide copper often coexist, which affects the processing route.

How Green Mining assesses

Sulfides, oxides and co-products.

The assessment measures the ratio of sulfide to oxide copper and the presence of co-products such as gold, silver and molybdenum. This defines the route and the concentrate constraints. For projects within areas already in operation, existing permits and infrastructure are also part of the analysis.

See the technology
Next step

Copper assets.

Asset owner

Copper tailings or low-grade deposit.

The preliminary assessment starts from the information available on the asset and indicates whether to proceed to characterization. No cost, no commitment.

Request an asset assessment
Institutional investor

Information for investors.

Information on the company, the technology and the project portfolio is available to qualified institutional investors, under NDA.

Information for investors