Every mining company coexists with tailings. Since industrial mining exists, conventional flotation concentrates metal by 6 to 7 times and recovers between 60% and 75% of the metal contained in ore. Whatever isn't concentrated and recovered goes to tailings — dams, stockpiles, dumps.
That number, projected over a century of industrial mining, forms a reserve. Trillions of dollars in metal were ground, processed, and discarded across that period. Tens of billions of tons of tailings are added to the global stock every year.
The metal is there. Fragmented, occluded, but present. What was missing was technology to recover it at economic scale.